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v3.4

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常见问题及解答(FAQ)

版本信息

$elemMatch

语法

{ <fieldName>: { $elemMatch: <cond> } }

描述

返回数组或者对象中满足条件的元素的集合

Note:

$elemMatch 匹配条件暂不支持全文检索语法

示例

集合 sample.employee 中存在如下记录:

{ "id": 1, "class": 1, "students": [ { "name": "ZhangSan", "age": 18 }, { "name": "LiSi", "age": 19 }, { "name": "WangErmazi", "age": 18 } ] }
{ "id": 2, "class": 2, "students": { "name": "LinWu", "age": 18 } }
{ "id": 3, "class": 3, "students": [ { "name": "ZhangSan", "age": 18, course: [ { math: 1 }, { english: 0 } ] }, { "name": "LiSi", "age": 19, course: [ { math: 1 }, { english: 1 } ] }, { "name": "WangErmazi", "age": 18, course: [ { math: 0 }, { english: 0 } ] } ] }
{ "id": 4, "class": 4, "students": [ 80, 84, 90 ] }
  • 选择数组中的嵌套元素,和对象中的元素,例如:如果 students 对象(或数组)中存在 age 为 18 的元素,则返回该对象(或数组)元素

    > db.sample.employee.find( {}, { "students": { "$elemMatch": { "age": 18 } } } )
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed304738adddbe0a69f455"
      },
      "id": 1,
      "class": 1,
      "students": [
        {
          "name": "ZhangSan",
          "age": 18
        },
        {
          "name": "WangErmazi",
          "age": 18
        }
      ]
    }
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed304c38adddbe0a69f456"
      },
      "id": 2,
      "class": 2,
      "students": {
        "age": 18
      }
    }
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed305138adddbe0a69f457"
      },
      "id": 3,
      "class": 3,
      "students": [
        {
          "name": "ZhangSan",
          "age": 18,
          "course": [
            {
              "math": 1
            },
            {
              "english": 0
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "WangErmazi",
          "age": 18,
          "course": [
            {
              "math": 0
            },
            {
              "english": 0
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed305838adddbe0a69f458"
      },
      "id": 4,
      "class": 4,
      "students": []
    }
    Return 4 row(s).
  • 选择数组中的非嵌套元素,例如:如果 students 数组中存在值大于等于 80,小于等于 85 的元素,则返回该数组元素

    > db.sample.employee.find( {}, { "students": { "$elemMatch": { $gte: 80, $lte: 85 } } } )
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed304738adddbe0a69f455"
      },
      "id": 1,
      "class": 1,
      "students": []
    }
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed304c38adddbe0a69f456"
      },
      "id": 2,
      "class": 2
    }
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed305138adddbe0a69f457"
      },
      "id": 3,
      "class": 3,
      "students": []
    }
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed305838adddbe0a69f458"
      },
      "id": 4,
      "class": 4,
      "students": [
        80,
        84
      ]
    }
    Return 4 row(s).
  • 选择符 $elemMatch 可以和匹配符一起组合使用,例如:跟匹配符 $elemMatch 结合使用,students 对象(或数组)中的 course 对象(或数组),如果存在 math 为 1 的元素,则返回该对象(或数组)元素

    > db.sample.employee.find( { class: 3 }, { students: { $elemMatch: { course: { $elemMatch: { math: 1 } } } } } )
    {
      "_id": {
        "$oid": "5fed305138adddbe0a69f457"
      },
      "id": 3,
      "class": 3,
      "students": [
        {
          "name": "ZhangSan",
          "age": 18,
          "course": [
            {
              "math": 1
            },
            {
              "english": 0
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "LiSi",
          "age": 19,
          "course": [
            {
              "math": 1
            },
            {
              "english": 1
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
    Return 1 row(s).
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